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Dramaturgy

Dramaturgy and what Dramaturgs do

Tuesday, August 24, 2004

New Arab cinema tells intimate stories - on the festival of contemporary Arab films in London 

 
Published: 2004/08/23 17:06:55 GMT
New Arab cinema tells intimate stories

By Lucy Williamson
BBC Middle East reporter

Filmgoers in London are getting the chance to see what a new generation of Arab film-makers have to say. The UK's national film theatre is hosting a festival of contemporary Arab films.

Poster for Terra Incognita
A new Lebanese film is breaking taboos in Arab Cinema
Terra Incognita is a film about Beirut. Or more precisely it's a film about Beirutis, in particular a young woman called Soraya.

You see her smoking, you see her drinking; you see her naked; then you see her having sex - fully clothed - in a doorway. Then you see her naked again.

Now, be honest, is this really what you expected from an Arab film festival?

According to Mona Tayara-Deeley, the film festival's curator, the main change in Arab cinema is that directors have decided to tell small, intimate stories instead of flag-waving or political issues.

"They're really focusing on the point that people in the Middle East are living lives like everyone else - love, friendship, boredom, entertainment - it's just that the context they live in is different."

Arab films lagging behind

Many of the films in this festival are being seen in the UK for the first time.

And while the names of Iranian film-makers like Kiarostami or Makhmalbalf are now familiar to western film-lovers, the new generation of Arab directors don't seem to have made quite such an impact.

When you don't have a domestic market - a market that speaks the language of the film, that's naturally interested in the subject matter of the film - it's a massive handicap for any filmmaker, because you're pleading your case for funding with international backers
Omar al-Qattan
Palestinian film-maker
Yet many of the obstacles they face are the same - censorship, for example, or bureaucracy. So why do Arab films seem to lag behind?

Omar al-Qattan is a Palestinian film director based in London.

His film, Canticle of the Stones, is showing in the festival. He says Iran has been able to survive so well because it is a unified country, with a unified language - and a well-funded network of cinemas and distribution outlets.

By contrast, he says, the Arab world is anything but unified, and its cinemas have largely closed down - because of the video revolution, because of lack of investment and censorship. This makes it very difficult for film-makers like him.

"When you don't have a domestic market - a market that speaks the language of the film, that's naturally interested in the subject matter of the film - when that market is weak, and the Arab market is weak, it's a massive handicap for any filmmaker, because you're pleading your case for funding with international backers not the natural domestic market."

'Money in TV'

Egypt has the only real film industry in the Arab world. In its heyday during the 1960s and 70s, it was state subsidised and producing influential films about politics and the grittier side of Egyptian life.

Poster for Girl's Secret
Egypt has tended to dominate Arab cinema through its state subsidised production houses
Now, it turns out mostly light comedies that have little impact on public opinion.

Emad Abdulrazik, a film critic based in Washington, says all the money these days is going to television.

"The TV industry is enjoying a lot of subsidy from the state, and from the private sector as well. A lot of movie-makers cannot make movies any more. You know what they do? They do video clips. Or if they're lucky, they do soap operas for TV."

Without a strong domestic industry to fall back on, Arab film-makers - from Tunisia, Lebanon, the Palestinian Territories - often rely on western co-productions to get their films made.

But for those like Omar al-Qattan, who have stuck to debating the big political issues of the region, the problems don't always end there.

"My films have been banned or censored in various Arab countries," he says.

"But there are different kinds of censorship here. In a way, they're harder to resist because the person imposing them, usually a commissioning editor, has much more power over you than a remote government.

"It may not be a case of someone saying, 'you can't say this', but - which in a way is more pernicious - you may be told that you may say this but you may not say it in this way, or at that particular time of the night, or in this particular form."

Aside from the politics, and the economics, there are cultural reasons why many Arab film-makers find it hard to distribute their films - even across the Middle East.

Because the Arabic spoken in Tunisian films for example is different to that spoken by Egyptians or Syrians, or because the lifestyles presented in one Arab country mean nothing to film-goers in another.



______________________
 
Hazem Azmy
http://hazemazmy.8m.net/home.html
http://hazemazmy.8m.net/cyberbabel.html
______________________
 
"Learn the rules so you know how to break them properly"  -- Dalai Lama


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Saturday, July 03, 2004

Was the Bard a Woman? 

 
Was the Bard a Woman?
A new contender for authorship of Shakespeare's works
By Anne Underwood
Newsweek
Jun 27, 2004

June 28 issue - For more than 150 years, literary sleuths have questioned whether William Shakespeare—a man with a grammar-school education, at best—could possibly have penned some of the greatest works in the English language. "You can be born with intelligence, but you can't be born with book learning," says Mark Rylance, Shakespearean actor and artistic director of the Globe Theatre in London. But if Shakespeare didn't write the plays, who did? Dozens of candidates have been proposed, most of them men. But at a conference of the Shakespearean Authorship Trust in London next week, American writer Robin Williams will argue that the true bard was a woman—Mary Sidney Herbert, the Countess of Pembroke.


Sidney (as her biographers call her) is a logical suspect. Sister of the Elizabethan poet Sir Philip Sidney, she was a poet herself and one of the best-educated woman in England, along with Elizabeth I. Perhaps not surprisingly, her name has surfaced before as a possible collaborator on Shakespeare's plays, although never until now as a candidate in her own right. Scholars are unlikely to be persuaded. "The very fact that there are so many candidates is almost a proof that none of them is the author," says Stanley Wells, chairman of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust in Stratford-Upon-Avon. But that doesn't deter Williams. "One homicide detective told me, 'You're using the same reasoning we use to track down murderers'," she says.

In short, Mary Sidney had the motive, means and opportunity to write the plays. At her home in Wiltshire, she fostered a literary circle whose mission was to elevate English literature—a strong motive. Gary Waller, a Sidney scholar at Purchase College in New York, has called her salon "a seedbed of literary revolution" and Sidney herself "the first major female literary figure in England." With her vast library, education and command of foreign languages, Sidney also had the means to create the works. And with her extensive connections in the literary world, she had opportunity to smuggle the plays to theater companies. Perhaps it's just coincidence, but the first eight Shakespeare plays were published anonymously—"and three of them," says Williams, "provocatively note on the title page that they were produced by Pembroke's Men, the acting company that Mary Sidney and her husband sponsored."

Sidney-as-Bard would solve a number of riddles, argues Williams. It would explain why Shakespeare wrote love sonnets to a younger man. (Sidney had a younger lover, Matthew Lister.) It could clarify why the first compilation of Shakespeare's plays, the First Folio of 1623, was dedicated to the earls of Pembroke and Montgomery (her sons). And it would explain Ben Jonson's First Folio eulogy to the "sweet swan of Avon." Sidney had an estate on the River Avon—and her personal symbol was the swan. "There are swans in the lace collar and cuffs of her last portrait," Williams notes.

Even her dates dovetail with Shakespeare's—which is more than one can say of some of the other candidates. Edward de Vere, widely regarded as the leading contender, died 12 years before Shakespeare, requiring a revisionist chronology of the plays. And to embrace Christopher Marlowe, one has to believe that he faked his murder in 1593 and escaped to the European continent. "But there is growing evidence for this," says Michael Frohnsdorff, head of the Marlowe Society, add-ing that a new commemorative window in Westminster Abbey gives Marlowe's dates as "1564-1593?" Sidney's are more straightforward. She was born three years before Shakespeare and died five years after. When she suffered a series of personal losses, the plays turned darker. "It all fits," says Williams.

Case closed? Not yet. As intriguing as Williams's argument is, her evidence is circumstantial. Proof, says Sidney biographer Margaret Hannay, "would require things like letters from contemporaries praising 'Mary Sidney's Hamlet'." Until that proof turns up, scholars will stand by the man from Stratford. But that won't stop mystery lovers from trying to unseat him. The intrigue could prove as immortal as the works of the Bard—whoever he or she really was.

© 2004 Newsweek, Inc.


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Friday, May 21, 2004

My fee? A role in the film please (on Film dramaturgy) 

My fee? A role in the film please

Ross Davies
The Times Higher Education Supplement -Published: 21 May 2004
Ross Davies talks to this year's star turns - academic consultants.

"This is the difficulty - this is where we sometimes have to compromise with historical reality," declares Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones. "This" is the uncovering of Angelina Jolie, normally a matter of routine in the actress' films, but not, according to Llewellyn-Jones, in Oliver Stone's forthcoming Alexander, a Hollywood life of the compulsive Macedonian conqueror.

For him, it is an academic-cum-professional issue if Jolie, who plays Olympia, Alexander's mother, reveals so much as her expensive face in this role. "An actress like Angelina Jolie cannot be expected to veil her face," Llewellyn-Jones concedes, but he adds: "The ladies of ancient Greece were as likely to cover up as those of Alexander the Great's Persian opponents."

Llewellyn-Jones is a lecturer in classics and ancient history at Exeter University and an expert on Greek and Persian dress. He is also one of the small band of historians enjoying a spell in the limelight as advisers on the current crop of "sword and sandal" films.

The house lights dim for Alexander on November 5, when Colin Farrell will sally forth to conquer much of the known world, including Rosario Dawson's Roxanne. Those pretend-Persian extras who escape Farrell's sword may soon be in for a drubbing from Leonardo DiCaprio. If, that is, Baz Luhrmann secures financing for his version of Alexander, which he promises will be "the world's biggest road movie". Then there is Wolfgang Petersen's Troy, on general release this week and starring Brad Pitt and Orlando Bloom. At least one Hannibal film, a Cleopatra and a brace of Boadiceas/Boudiccas is also in the pipeline.

Investors' and audiences' interest in sword and sandal films began to flicker after the Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor Cleopatra of 1963 - four hours long, way over budget and, according to one critic, "more block than buster". The genre, Llewellyn-Jones argues, is being reinvented because our world, like Alexander's, is "divided by East-West conflict".

The Athens Olympics may also be a factor this year.

Llewellyn-Jones credits Ridley Scott with reviving interest in the genre with the commercial success of his 2000 film Gladiator, which he hopes to reprise next year with Kingdom of Heaven, a film set during the Crusades.

Llewellyn-Jones dismisses Gladiator as "hokum, fantasy", adding that Stone may have unveiled Jolie, but at least there are no scantily clad slave girls in the Cecil B. DeMille tradition.

Still, film consultancy sounds nice work if you can get it, so how do you get it? In Llewellyn-Jones' case, he was "discovered" while lecturing at the British Museum with Robin Lane Fox, reader in ancient history at Oxford and author of the 1973 book Alexander the Great. He was working on Alexander and asked Llewellyn-Jones if he might be interested. Lane Fox made a BBC film about his experience advising Stone called Charging for Alexander. The title relates to Lane Fox's stipulation in his contract that he should be among the first 15 horsemen in any Macedonian cavalry charge.

Whether the footage survives editing remains to be seen. Stone credits Lane Fox's book with being his "main guide" on the historical aspects of his film. "He didn't say he would always take my advice," says Lane Fox. "I respect that - he's a film-maker." The consultancy quickly grew in scope, ranging from late-night calls on whether Ancient Greeks flossed, to weightier discussions on Alexander's battle plans. As to whose history triumphs, Lane Fox's or Stone's, the academic is diplomatic. Stone's interpretation is "very strong" but "not necessarily wrong".

Llewellyn-Jones says Stone has striven for a documentary-standard realism in matters of dress as far as he can, even where reference material is often non-existent, vague or contradictory. And he doesn't play fast and loose with known facts in the plot. But he adds: "Stone is interested in conspiracy theories, and some of the themes you find in his other historical films will no doubt rear their head again in Alexander." He will not be drawn on who kills Alexander in the film, but says: "Among academics, the jury is still out on how Alexander died. I think Alexander was probably poisoned. Macedonian generals could have done it, members of the clergy or Persian nobility - there are even bickering wives and lovers."

Lesley Fitton, curator of Greek Bronze Age antiquities at the British Museum and author of The Discovery of the Greek Bronze Age and Minoans, says film-makers want historical advisers to give them "confidence, a safety net - somebody there who will freak if they do something totally weird and anachronistic".

The museum has launched a "Greek Summer" exhibition to coincide with the release of Troy. This includes a display on the ancient Olympics and another, "Troy re-told", on how different interpretations of a story, which began as oral history retold by Homer 500 years after the event, sometimes come into conflict with archaeological evidence.

Fitton's consultancy on Troy began with a simple query about the type of script that should go on an ancient map, and then grew into wider questions to do with gods, gesture and ritual. It ended with Fitton flying out for a week's filming in Malta in return for a donation to the museum.

She admires Gladiator - and Troy - not as a historic reconstruction, but as "a good film which tells a good story, and might therefore interest people in the history of its period". For this reason, she is not among those purists who, she expects, "may have 10 million blue fits" when Troy ends on a distinctly unHomeric note. Helen isn't restored to husband Menelaus in Sparta, but walks off into the sunset with Paris, who somehow isn't killed at Troy after all.

"A lot of people have said to me, 'How can you even remotely be associated with a film that takes such dreadful liberties?' I just turn round, rather naughtily, and say, 'Well, if Shakespeare had asked me to be an adviser on Troilus and Cressida, I dare say I would have done, although that's an entirely invented medieval addition to the Troy myth, as is Chaucer's.'"


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Tuesday, January 13, 2004

Re: Dramaturgy Grad Schools  

Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2004 19:42:38 -0500
From: "Chris and Ellen Moore" Add to Address Book
Subject: Re: Dramaturgy Grad Schools
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu

I graduated with an MFA in dramaturgy from the Columbia Univ. program which
I think is very good. I went on to a PhD program at the Graduate Center at
CUNY, but I do know that a lot of the literary manager positions in New York
City theatres have been filled by grads of the Columbia program in
dramaturgy. My experience has been with regard to teaching at a university
or college, the PhD is necessary for the most part-- although I have been
able to work quite a lot as an adjunct teaching theatre history. But for a
tenure track job, most of the requirements seem to suggest that the PhD is
what is needed.

Best of luck,
Ellen Anthony-Moore



Re: Dramaturgy Grad Schools  

Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2004 14:07:13 -0500
From: "Paula T. Alekson" Add to Address Book
Subject: Re: Dramaturgy Grad Schools
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu


Dr. Pizzato,

The January 2001 (volume 18) issue of AMERICAN THEATRE includes both interviews
by Leonora Inez Brown on the discipline of dramaturgy titled "You Can't Tell a
Dramaturg by Her Title" and "A Sampler of Graduate Dramaturgy Programs in the
US"...granted the information is certainly dated, but the vision statements
might be helpful to your student.

Good luck to her/him.

Paula Alekson (Ph.D. Candidate, Tufts University)
Visiting Instructor
Mount Holyoke College
South Hadley, MA 01075




Dramaturgy Grad Schools

 
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2004 12:28:09 -0500
From: "Pizzato, Mark" Add to Address Book
Subject: Dramaturgy Grad Schools
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu

A student just asked me which grad programs in Dramaturgy I would recommend.
What are now the most prominent schools and degrees for careers in theatre
or academia--as Literary Managers or teachers? Is a PhD or DFA necessary in
today's job market, especially for students who do not have artistic
backgrounds in theatre, but want to study dramaturgy and find a related
career?

Mark Pizzato, PhD
Assoc. Prof. of Theatre
Dept. of Dance and Theatre
UNC-Charlotte
Charlotte, NC 28223
fax: 704-687-3795
phone: 704-687-4488
(go to www.quickdonations.com
and give life with a click
of your mouse)


Re: Dramaturgy

 
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2004 18:11:01 -0000
From: "gwenorel@knology.net" Add to Address Book
Subject: Re: Dramaturgy
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu


sorry I was vague and I guess in my head I hadn't really considered film
and tv as "other fields," there's so much crossover. Similarly I hadn't
conceived of academia as another field...

On Tue, 13 Jan 2004 12:46:21 -0500, Arnold Aronson
wrote :

> I feel a need to jump in here regarding the question of "other fields"
> in relation to dramaturgy. At Columbia, aside from training production
> dramaturgs and literary managers who have been quite successful
> professionally (as Ellen Anthony-Moore has pointed out), we are training
> people in the areas of television and film script development, producing
> for theatre and film, and other aspects of creating and producing in the
> performing arts. We have alumni working for film companies, television
> shows, literary agencies and the like. Some have gone on to teaching,
> though a PhD is generally a requisite degree for teaching.
>
> Arnold Aronson
>

Re: Dramaturgy without practical theatre experience?

 
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2004 17:22:29 -0000
From: "gwenorel@knology.net" Add to Address Book
Subject: Re: Dramaturgy without practical theatre experience?
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu


A literary manager runs the literary office.

Usually that means, running the new play program. I read submitted
scripts, both solicited and un-, hire and train paid readers, oversee our
new play workshops, dramaturg the new plays themselves (including working
with playwrights on multiple drafts), occasiionally dramaturg other plays
where time and interest are appropriate (have done Oscar Wilde and Somerset
Maugham). and yes the director does do a lot of dramaturgical prep too of
course, and in my case, my AD kent Thompson is scholarly and analytical by
nature.

Still, things do come up in rehearsal that he can't run out and track down,
like, "in 1895, when taking tea, would a lady have her gloves on or
off?" "what kind of bar snacks were served at a london pub in 1955??" and
then as dramaturg, I make packets for the actors full of articles,
annotated bibliographies, find good videos for them to watch etc. When
it's a new play with a living playwright obviously the writer knows his
field very well and his subject, like the play we did whose subject was
landmines by Kia Corthron (The Venus de Milo Is Armed), but while she
brought SOME "show and tell" of pamphlets, I added to that, as did the
assitant director.

For a new play about Civil War reenactors, I found a National Park Guard
for one of the actresses to interview, arranged a cast trip to the battle
of Selma reenactment, and so on...

I also run our high school one-act play competition, and go to the schools
to talk about playwriting... scout for talent at new play festivals, meet
and talk to agents.

Sort of the equivalent of an editor at a publishing house's imprint, except
of course i don't "dictate changes" as the word edit seems to imply, it's
much more Maxwell Perkinsish.

work closely with the AD on finding plays that are right for the season at
large....

I was a reader at many theatres before I got my first Literary Manager
job. I also read for various competitions. Etc. etc.

anybody else feel free to chime in anytime! :)


Re: Dramaturgy without practical theatre experience?

 
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2004 17:03:26 -0000
From: "gwenorel@knology.net" Add to Address Book
Subject: Re: Dramaturgy without practical theatre experience?
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu


Interesting question... I guess it all depends what people want to do, no?

I don't think degrees in dramaturgy are necessary to be literary managers,
at least, I don't have one and have never had trouble finding work (I'm the
literary manager at the Alabama Shakespeare Festival). When I started
though hardly any LMs had MFAs or PhDs in the subject; these days that's
far less true so not having one might make it more difficult.

I don't know what the "artistic background in theatre" refers to either...
I was an English major as an undergrad and if it's just what major, then
obviously it doesn't HAVE to be drama, so long as you have experience (I
wrote plays and became a reader at the Royal Court)

...why one would want a degree in dramaturgy if one didn't want to work
professionally or teach I can't really fathom though. to my knowledge
other fields don't find it useful...


Dramaturgy without practical theatre experience? 

Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2004 11:00:37 -0600
From: "Pallen, Thomas" Add to Address Book
Subject: Dramaturgy without practical theatre experience?
To: ASTR-L@listserv.uiuc.edu

Dear List-folk,

I'm obviously much more out of touch than even I suspected. The following
sentence in Mark Pizzato's query about dramaturgy programs really shocked me: "Is a PhD
or DFA necessary in today's job market, especially for students who do not have
artistic backgrounds in theatre, but want to study dramaturgy and find a related career?"
I obviously do not know what dramaturgy means anymore or what dramaturgs (an
extremely un-aesthetic word) do these days. My bookshelves do not contain any of the
various theatre dictionaries in English, but I do have the Italian translation of
Patrice Pavis's _Dizionario del teatro_ which, under the entry for "dramaturgy", offers
this explanation of the "Re-utilization of the term 'dramaturgy' in the sense of
'activity of the Dramaturg'": "In the sense of the 'activity of the Dramaturg',
dramaturgy consists of preparing textual and staging materials, bringing to light the
complex meanings of the text and selecting a particular interpretation, and orienting the
production in the desired direction. Dramaturgy thus fixes the whole of the
aesthetic and ideological choices that the production équippe, from director to actor, is
driven to carry out.... Dramaturgy, in its most recent sense, then, tends to surpass
the limits of a study of the playwright's text to include both !
the text and its stage realization."
Personally, I see this as the director's task, but that still leaves me
wondering about other potential "careers" for those who have studied dramaturgy and how
anyone could imagine studying dramaturgy without an "artistic background in theatre".

Hoping for enlightenment,

Tom Pallen


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